Designing a model of the consequences of quality improvement of physical education lessons in junior high schools in the Kahrizak region

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Sport Management, Ivankay University, Ivankay, Iran

2 Professor of Sport Management, Ivankay University, Ivankay, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Sport Management, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

4 Ph.D. of Sport Management, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj,

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify and design a quality enhancement model for physical education (PE) in lower secondary schools located in Kahrizak, Tehran. A qualitative approach was adopted, employing the six-phase reflexive thematic-analysis procedure outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006). The research population comprised educational experts purposively selected through criterion-based sampling. Data were generated via semi structured interviews; theoretical saturation was attained after 17 interviews, and data collection was consequently concluded with the same number of participants. Member checking was employed to ensure the credibility of the findings. The analysis revealed that the anticipated outcomes of PE quality enhancement coalesced into five overarching themes: (1) students’ health and well-being, (2) social and personal skill development, (3) instructional quality and learning environment, (4) promotion of a physical-activity culture, and (5) continuous management and evaluation. Each superordinate theme encompassed several sub themes and corresponding initial codes. The findings indicate that isolated improvements in any single dimension rapidly dissipate if the remaining dimensions are neglected, because pupils, teachers, parents, and the school system constitute an open and intertwined ecology. Consequently, intervention policies and programmes must be configured as comprehensive packages that secure the synergy among these five domains; otherwise, piecemeal enhancements will prove unsustainable.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abos, A., García Gonzalez, L., Aibar, A., & Sevil Serrano, J. (2021). Towards a better understanding of the role of perceived task variety in Physical Education: A self-determination theory approach. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 56, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101988.
Akbari, T., Abedinia, A., & Ghorbanzade Tularood Paeen, P. (2018). Identifying the factors affecting the quality of the physical education lesson according to the sports teachers of Talesh city. The first international conference on new research in sports sciences. Ardabil., https://civilica.com/doc/961799. [In Persian].
Askari, M., Elahimanesh, M. H., & Parizad, R. (2019). A Comparison Study of Iranian and Japanese educational policy at Elementary level. Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 9(30), 113–132. [In Persian].
Banks, J. A. (2004). Teaching for social justice, diversity, and citizenship in a global world. The Educational Forum, 68(4), 296-305. https://doi.org/210.1080/00131720408984645.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Bryan, C. L., & Solmon, M. A. (2012). Student motivation in physical education and engagement in physical activity. Journal of Sport Behavior, 35(3), 267-285.
Burgueño, R., & Medina-Casaubón, J. (2020). Sport Education and Sportsmanship Orientations: An Intervention in High School Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 837. https://doi.org/810.3390/ijerph17030837.
Cairney, J., Dudley, D., Kwan, M., Bulten, R., & Kriellaars, D. (2019). Physical literacy, physical activity and health: Toward an evidence-informed conceptual model. Sports Medicine, 49(3), 371–383. https://doi.org/310.1007/s40279-40019-01063-40274.
Cocca, A., Veulliet, N., Clemens Drenowatz, N. V., Wirnitzer, K., Greier, K., & Ruedl, G. (2023). Assessment of a Novel Instrument Measuring Perceived Physical Education Teachers' In-Class Skills. Behavioral sciences, 13(42), https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010042.
Ćorluka, M., Bjelica, D., & Gardasević, J. (2018). Sport Schools vs trends to obesity: an analysis among 5 year olds in the Makarska (Croatia). Acta Kinesilogica,, 12, 111-114.
Doré, I., Thibault, V., Sylvestre, M. P., Sabiston, C. M., O'Loughlin, J. L., Abi Nader, P., ..., & Bélanger, M. (2022). Physical activity motives have a direct effect on mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(8), 1258-1267.
Franco, E., Coterón, J., Huéscar, E., & Moreno-Murcia, J. A. (2020). A person-centered approach in physical education to better understand low-motivation students. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(1), 91-101.
Friskawati, G. F., Santosa, A., & Sanjaya, R. (2020). The Impact of Physical Education Learning on Healthy Life Style Knowledge of Elementary School Students. Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School, 4(1), 45-48.
Ghanbari. H, Shetabbushehri. N, Shafiniya. P, & Y., M. (2019). Designing a Model for Factors Affecting the Tendency of Elemantary School Students to sport. A Mixed Method Studies in Learning & Instruction, 11(1), 239-257. [In Persian].
Ghasemi Roshanavand J, Bahrol Olom H, & R., A. (2019). Prioritizing the barriers to extracurricular participation in sport education using interpretive structural modeling. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations., 72, 73-90. [In Persian].
Hassani, F., Sheikh, M., & Shahrbanian, S. (2022). The physical literacy and children with autism. Early Child Development and Care, 192(3), 470-480.
Jones, M., Defever, E., Letsinger, A., Steele, J., & Mackintosh, K. A. (2020). A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2019.1006.1009.
Karimi, J., Abbasi, H., & Eydi, H. (2019). Sociological explanation of the social consequences of participation in sport based on data theory. . Research in Educational Sciences, 7(16), 17-44. https://doi.org/10.22089/res.22018.26136.21500. [In Persian].
Kelso, A., Linder, S., Reimers, A. K., Klug, S. J., Alesi, M., Scifo, L., ..., & Demetriou, Y. (2020). Effects of school-based interventions on motivation towards physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51.
Metzler, M., & Colquitt, G. (2021). Instructional Models for Physical Education (4th ed.). . Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081098.
Mosavi, N., Sharifeyan, M., Ghaed Amini, G., Goldoz, S., , Darvishi, A., & Ghamar Zad, F. (2019). Survey of environmental knowledge, attitude and skill level of preschool teachers in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations., 137, 111-128. [In Persian].
Motowny, M. (2018). The role of physical education in promoting student engagement and fundamental skills. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 123-135.
Motulsky, S. L. (2021). Is member checking the gold standard of quality in qualitative research? Qualitative Psychology, 8(3), 389. DOI: 310.1037/qup0000215.
Namara, F. (2012). Factors affecting provision of quality basic education in Nyagatare District- Rwand (Thesis) University of Nairobi.].
Nathan, N., Elton, B., Babic, M., McCarthy, N., Sutherland, R., Presseau, J., ..., & Wolfenden, L. (2018). Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of physical activity policies in schools: a systematic review. Preventive Medicine., 107, 45-53.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.1011.1012.
Naylor, P., Nettlefold, L., Race, D., Hoy, C., Ashe, M. C., Higgins, J. W., & McKay, H. A. (2015). Implementation of school based physical activity interventions: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine., 72, 95–115. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.ypmed.2014.1012.1034.
Palamarchuk, O., Gurevych, R., Maksymchuk, B., Geracymova, I., Fushtey, O., Logutina, N.,…Maksymchuk, I. (2020). Studying Innovation as the Factor in Professional Self-Development of Specialists in Physical Education and Sport. . Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 12(4), 118-136.
Pangrazi, R. P., & Beighle, A. (2019). Dynamic physical education for elementary school children (18th ed.). Human Kinetics.
Pardakhtchi, M. H., Ahmadi, G. A., & Arezomand, F. (2009). Investigating the relationship between work and career quality of school principals and teachers in Takestan County. Quarterly Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 12(4), 25-50.
Pile Var, E., Hamidi, M., Honari, H., & Khabiri, M. (2018). Designing and explaining the volunteer model in Iranian student sport. . Journal of Human Resource Management in Sports., 6(2), 179-194. [In Persian].
Quintas-Hijós, A., Peñarrubia-Lozano, C., & Bustamante, J. C. (2020). Analysis of the applicability and utility of a gamified didactics with exergames at primary schools: Qualitative findings from a natural experiment. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0231269. https://doi.org/0231210.0231371/journal.pone.0231269.
Ramezani Nejad, R. (2021). Physical Education in Schools (15th Edition). Tehran: Samt Publications [In Persian].
Rashidpour, R., Sarmadi, M., Mashhadi Mayaghani, J., & Nateghi, F. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of Citizenship Education from Derrida and Foucault's Viewpoint: Suggestions for Iranian Educational Philosophers. Iranian Journal of Comparative Education, 2(4), 407-424. doi: 410.22034/ijce.22020.105263 [In Persian].
Ridge, N., & Kippels, S. (2019). In Researching the Global Education Industry (pp. 87-113). Palgrave Macmillan.
Serajzadeh. G, reza, Azmoun. J, Jalili. Q, Sadeghian. N, Mazloumi. T, S, Nazari. A, Bekheradi, M. (2016). Teacher's manual for elementary physical education. Educational research and planning organization. 3th. 3. [Persian].
Shah, S., Allison, K. R., Schoueri-Mychasiw, N., Pach, B., Manson, H., & Vu-Nguyen, K. (2017). A review of implementation outcome measures of school-based physical activity interventions. Journal of School Health, 87(6), 474-486.https://doi.org/410.1111/josh.12514.
Siregar, F. H. N., & Nurkadri, H., S. (2021). Evaluation of Physical Education Learning Program at The West Nias District Senior High School. Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2021). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 591, 306-317.
Skinner, J., Edwards, A., & Smith, A. C. (2020). Qualitative research in sport management. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9780367854249.
Sofo, S., Ocansey, R. T., Nabie, M. J., & Asola, E. F. (2013). Assessment Practices among Secondary Physical Education Teachers in Ghana. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(2), 274–281. .
Song, Y., & Shi, C. (2023). Association between sports participation and overall health in children and adolescents. . Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 51, 101718.
Taslimi, Z., & Babooee, H. (2017). Coordinated and Focused Evaluation of Physical Education in Schools: A Qualitative Study Research in educational sports. . Research on Educational Sport, 14, 45-66. [In Persian].
To, Q. G., Wharton, L., Gallegos, D., Stylianou, M., Do, D. V., To, K. G., ..., & Trost, S. G. (2020). School-based physical education: Physical activity and implementation barriers in Vietnamese elementary schools. . European Physical Education Review, 26(2), 587-606.
Tolgfors, B. (2018). Transformative assessment in physical education. . European Physical Education Review, 25(4), 1211-1225. https://doi.org/1210.1177/1356336X188. 14863
Watson, A., Timperio, A., Brown, H., Best, K., & Hesketh, K. D. (2017). Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on academic and physical activity outcomes: a systematic review and meta- analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition Physical Activity, 14, 1 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-12017-10569-12969.
Journal of Sport Management Knowledge
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
April 2026
Pages 158-173

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 January 2026
  • Revise Date: 30 April 2026
  • Accept Date: 12 May 2026

Share

How to cite

Statistics